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In computing, cache coherence (also cache coherency) refers to the consistency of data stored in local caches of a shared resource. (source: Wikipedia)

For example, in Intel architecture, each core has independent L1 cache. If some data in one L1 cache is modified, the related data in other L1 caches is stale. So it needs some extra action to ensure that the data read by other cores is the latest one. This property is called "cache coherence". Without coherence, it may result in severe synchronization problems.