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A generalization of this problem is how to recursively split up 2d (or higher) space to determine regions of density before further data processing. One commonly used data structure to solve this problem is the quadtree, which is a hierarchical way of storing this information.

Quadtree construction involves many of the optimizations we see in the following slides. Additionally, quadtrees may not even fit on a single computer, and there are further interesting algorithms that dictate how to deal with that.