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cardiff

In case 1, what does it mean for a network card to "async send buffer"?

tchitten

I believe that means that the processor tells the network card that the buffer is ready, but the network card can choose to send off the data whenever it is ready, i.e. asynchrounously from the processor's request.

The issue arises because the processor may have written the data to its local cache but it has not yet been flushed to main memory. The network card cannot see the processor local cache thus may it not use the correct data.