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elemental03

Besides the synchronized HashMap, Java also has a ConcurrentHashMap class that is another example of thread-safe hashmap implementation. Both maps are thread-safe implementations of the Map interface. ConcurrentHashMap, however, is implemented for higher throughput in cases where high concurrency is expected.

The following article has a good explanation of the implementation of ConcurrentHashMap, talking further about how it provides better concurrency while still being thread-safe:

ConcurrentHashMap implementation

This article compares the performance of Hashmap, synchronized hashmap and concurrent hashmap:

Comparisions